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20Philippe Samyn and T. Vilquin: Structure de support d’éolienne.
Rapport de recherches. Notes de calcul. For Construction Soudée s.a.
(Fabricom Group), 28 April 2000, internal report, 248 pages, deposited
at the Bibliothèque de l’Académie royale des Sciences, des Lettres
et des Beaux-arts de Belgique.
21pct (Parent Cooperation Treaty) international patent published
on 8 November 2001 under no. wo 01/83984 a1 ‘Support structure,
particularly for a wind turbine’.
22Standards of the European Committee for Standardisation (cen ), estab-
lished by its Technical Committee 250, under the mandate of the European
Commission.
23A structure is generally considered to be insensitive to dynamic effects
when its lowest natural frequency is greater than 5 Hz.
24Phillipe Samyn, ‘Structures isobarres et isonoeuds’ – Proceedings of
the 2nd International Conference on Space Structures, University of Surrey,
Guildford 1975, pp. 621–634.
25us patent request filed on 30 September 2008. Patent pending.
26nbn b03-103 ‘operating loads for buildings’ and nbn en 1991-1-1- anb
‘Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings’ (Eurocode 1, Partie
1-1, Belgian national appendix).
27According to the iso/cei 2: 2004 guide, consensus is a ‘general agree-
ment, characterised by the absence of sustained opposition to substantial
issues by any important part of the concerned interests and by a process
that involves seeking to take into account the views of all parties con-
cerned and to reconcile any conflicting arguments (note: consensus does
not necessarily imply unanimity)’.
28In the uk, for example, the safety of persons takes greater precedence
over the safety of property than in Belgium. Since the Blitz of 1940, a
fire alarm, activated by a red pushbutton located somewhere in the build-
ing, automatically and immediately triggers an evacuation alarm, while
in Belgium, human intervention is generally needed to give the order to
evacuate. In the same way, the risk accepted by firemen is better control-
led, since public fire protection authority is the domain of the County Fire
Commander in the uk, while in Belgium it is handled through the commu-
nity and its mayor. When the risk to persons is more limited, the construc-
tive risk (fire stability, compartmentation, etc.) can be higher. This is why in
the uk there is no requirement for fireproof windows on building facades,
for example. German fire regulations link the severity of the fire to the time
necessary for the fire personnel to arrive, which was refused in Belgium.
Regulations and standards are also sometimes powerless, for example
in terms of acoustic insulation, for which there is currently no separate
obligation for the acoustic insulation of facades, depending on proximity to
an airport runway.
convincing Seco to approve an inverted roof for the construction of a police
station in the parc de Bruxelles (01-075; not included in the anthology),
which they had originally vetoed. The collaboration with Seco continues
today, particularly with engineers Elie Schmit and Rik Debruyckere for
metal frameworks, Jacques De Keyser and Claude Pimpurniaux for light
facades and external joinery, Luc Mehaudens for technical equipment,
Louis Laret and Philippe De Mey for sustainable construction and Jean-
Philippe Veriter and myself for fire safety, all of whom take part in answer-
ing questions that are very often far from simple.
5 cstc (Centre Scientifique et Technique de la Construction);
wtcb (Wetenschappelijk en Technisch Centrum voor het Bouwbedrijf);
bbri (Belgian Building Research Centre).
6 Syndicat d’études interindustries-construction ic -ib: Guide des
performances du bâtiments, 9 volumes, 1980.
7 The Guide served as a basis for the 1984 creation of the international
iso 6241 standard ‘Performance standards in building – Principles for their
preparation and factors to be considered’ and the 1989 ‘Construction
Products’ Directive (89/106/cee, Appendix i: essential requirements).
8 bcca : Belgian Construction Certification Association.
9 Philippe Samyn, ‘Densité de population et hauteur des constructions –
Application au cas de Bruxelles’ in Revue belge de géographie, 96th year,
1972, sections 2 and 3, pp. 135–182.
10Gross densityδb: number of inhabitants per unit of floor area,
taking into account the total surfaces required for the population
under consideration.
11Net densityδn: number of inhabitants per unit of floor area,
only taking into account the surfaces occupied by housing.
12Belgian patent no. 819.775 dated 11 September 1974: ‘Procedure for
manufacturing thin ruled-surface plates from profiled sheet steel.’
13‘Philippe Samyn, L’ingénierie des structures: au mieux un art, au pire
une technique!’ D’Architectures, no. 170, February 2008, pp. 20–24.
14Philippe Samyn, Etude de la morphologie des structures à l’aide
des indicateurs de volume et de déplacement, Académie royale
de Belgique, Classe des Sciences, 2004, 482 pages (see page 19).
15‘Philippe Samyn, L’ingénierie des structures: au mieux un art, au pire
une technique!’ D’Architectures, no. 170, February 2008, pp. 20–24.
16Philippe Samyn, Etude de la morphologie des structures à l’aide des
indicateurs de volume et de déplacement, Académie royale de Belgique,
Classe des Sciences, 2004, 482 pages (see page 76).
17For live loads, the expression becomes:
n1 = (ge /(Δl(σx + (1-x)σlw )))1/2 /2π ; where x = ff / (ff + f m) is the share of
own load ff of the total load; (1-x) = fm / ( ff + f m) is the share of live load fm
of the total load; σ is the density of the structure’s material (kg/m³).
18Philippe Samyn, Etude comparée du volume et du déplacement de
structures bidimensionnelles, sous charges verticales entre deux appuis
– vers un outil d’évaluation et de prédimensionnement des structures,
Volume i: Thesis, 175 pages; Volume ii: Appendices, 184 pages;
Volume iii: Figures, 197 pages; Volume iv: Epilogue, 33 pages,
doctoral thesis in applied sciences, University of Liège, 1999.
19European patent ep 0953.684.b.1. of 5 April 2000: ‘beams
and bridges in multiple-tie rod latticework.’